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Süstemaatiline kuuluvus (APG IV)
Riik: Taimed (Plantae)
Klaad: Soontaimed (Tracheophyta)
Klaad: Katteseemnetaimed (Angiospermae)
Klaad: Päriskaheidulehelised (Eudicotyledonae)
Selts: Kassinaerilaadsed (Malvales)
Sugukond: Kassinaerilised (Malvaceae)
Perekond: Kassinaeris (Malva)
Liik: Muskus-kassinaeris - Malva moschata L.
Botaaniline kirjeldus
Muskus-kassinaeris on mitmeaastane rohtne taim kassinaeriliste sugukonnast. Taim kasvab enamasti kuni 60 (-130) cm kõrguseks rohkelt harunenud püstiste vartega puhmaks.Nii varred kui kal lehed on kaetud karvakestega. Lehed rootsuga - alumiste lehtede rootsud kolm korda pikemad kui lehelaba; ülemiste lehtede rootsud lehelabast poole lühemad. Ülemised lehed ümarad kuni neerjad, südaja aluse ja 5-7 sisselõikega kaheli sõrmjagused. Lehe servad ebakorrapäraselt hambulised, tipp ümar kuni terav, pinnad paljad või hõredalt karvased. Alumised lehed vähem lõhestunud, sõrmhõlmised. Õied arenevad lehtede kaenaldes ja paiknevad sarikataolistes kobarates. Õie põhja ümbritseb involukell (väikeste kõrglehtede kogum). Õis ketasjas, viie valge või roosa (vahel lillaka) kroonlehega. Kroonlehtede tipud ebakorrapäraselt pügaldunud. Tolmukaid on palju, need on aluselt liitunud ja moodustavad iseloomuliku kimbu. Emakas 11–15 osaline, emakakaelu 11-15. Vili on 9–11 mm läbimõõduga skisokarp (lõhisvili), meenutab segmenteeritud ketast. Merikarpe (osavilju) 11-15, need on mustad, 1,5–2 mm pikad; tipmine külg ja servad ümarad, küljed õhukesed ja paberjad, siledad, pinnad tihedalt karvased. [1]
Levila
Muskus-kassinaeris on Pärit Euroopast ja edela-Aasiast ka tema levila ulatub Hispaaniast Briti saarte ja Poolani ning idas lõuna-Venemaale ja Türgini. [2] Eestis on ta vanade talu-ja mõisaaedade taim. Võib pisut metsistuda.
Toime ja kasutamine
Sisaldab pigmente ja antioksüdante. Kasutatakse eelkõige iluaianduses. Tumedamaõieliste sortide õisi kasutatakse roosa värvaine saamiseks. [3] Ravimina on taime kasutatud verevalumite ja putukahammustuste välispidisel ravil; samuti hingamisteede haiguste ja kuseteede ning seedesüsteemi põletike ravil seesmiselt. [4] Taime kõik osad on põletikuvastase, uriinieritust suurendava, röga lahtistava, pehmendava ja lahtistava toimega. [5]
Kasutatud allikad
1. WFO (2024): Malva moschata L. Published on the Internet;http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000449199. Accessed on: 04 Jan 2024
2. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 1). Malva moschata. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:54, January 4, 2024, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malva_moschata&oldid=1152618915
3. Redzić, S., Hodzić, N., & Tuka, M. (2005). Plant pigments (antioxidants) of medicinal plants Malva silvestris L. and Malva moschata L. (Malvaceae). Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences, 5(2), 53–58. https://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2005.3284
4. Lang, J., Barták, M., Váczi, P., & Hájek, J. (2024). Effect of Some Herbicides on Primary Photosynthesis in Malva moschata as a Prospective Plant for Agricultural Grass Mixtures. Agronomy, 14(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010010
5. Raal, A. (2010). Maailma ravimtaimede entsüklopeedia. Tallinn: Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus.
Classification (APG IV)
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Genus: Malva
Species: Musk mallow - Malva moschata L.
Botanical Description
Musk mallow (Malva moschata) is a perennial herbaceous plant in the Malvaceae family. It typically grows to 60 cm tall but can reach up to 130 cm, forming a bushy, highly branched, upright habit. Both stems and leaves are covered with fine hairs.
The leaves are petiolate, with the lower leaves having petioles three times longer than the blade, while the upper leaves have petioles half the blade length. Upper leaves are rounded to kidney-shaped with a heart-shaped base and 5–7 deep lobes, making them doubly palmate-lobed. Their margins are irregularly toothed, with rounded to pointed tips. The leaf surfaces are smooth or sparsely hairy. Lower leaves are less deeply lobed and palmately cleft.
The flowers develop in axillary, umbel-like clusters. A ring of bracteoles forms an involucel at the base of each flower. The flower is dish-shaped, with five white, pink, or occasionally purple petals that are irregularly notched at the tips. Numerous stamens are fused at the base into a characteristic column. The pistil has 11–15 carpels, with the same number of styles. The fruit is a schizocarp (a segmented disk-like fruit) 9–11 mm in diameter. It consists of 11–15 mericarps (segments), which are black, 1.5–2 mm long, rounded at the edges, with papery, thin, and smooth sides, and densely hairy surfaces. [1]
Distribution
Musk mallow is native to Europe and Southwest Asia, with its range extending from Spain, the British Isles, and Poland to southern Russia and Turkey. [2] In Estonia, it is found in old farm and manor gardens and can occasionally naturalize in the wild.
Effects and Uses
Musk mallow contains pigments and antioxidants. It is primarily used in ornamental horticulture. Flowers from darker-colored varieties are used as a source of pink dye. [3]
Medicinally, it has been used externally for treating bruises and insect bites, and internally for respiratory illnesses, urinary tract infections, and digestive inflammations. [4] All parts of the plant have anti-inflammatory, diuretic, expectorant, emollient, and mild laxative effects. [5]
References
1. WFO (2024): Malva moschata L. Published on the Internet; World Flora Online. Accessed on: 04 Jan 2024.
2. Wikipedia contributors. (2023, May 1). Malva moschata. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 4, 2024, from Wikipedia.
3. Redzić, S., et al. (2005). Plant pigments (antioxidants) of medicinal plants Malva silvestris L. and Malva moschata L. (Malvaceae). Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 5(2), 53–58. DOI:10.17305/bjbms.2005.3284.
4. Lang, J., et al. (2024). Effect of Some Herbicides on Primary Photosynthesis in Malva moschata as a Prospective Plant for Agricultural Grass Mixtures. Agronomy, 14(1), 10. DOI:10.3390/agronomy14010010.
5. Raal, A. (2010). Maailma ravimtaimede entsüklopeedia. Tallinn: Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus.